Top 10 Programming Languages of the World – 2019

TOP PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES OF THE WORLD

If you are a new to the field of programming, the very first question comes to your mind is

• What to learn first? 
• Which programming language will be useful to me in 2019?
• Which will be most suitable language from career point of view?

There are many programming languages available in the field of Computer Science. One of the easiest ways to pick the best programming language to learn is by observing the demand of Software Industry. Some of the survey conducted by popular organizations are given below for your ready reference.

IEEE Spectrum [01]	GeeksForGeeks [02]	Guru99 [03]	FullStackAcademy [04]
1.      Python 2.      C++ 3.      Java 4.      C 5.      C# 6.      PHP 7.      R 8.      JavaScript 9.      Go 10.  Assembly	1.      JavaScript 2.      Python 3.      Java 4.      C/CPP 5.      PHP 6.      Swift 7.      C# 8.      Ruby 9.      Objective – C 10.  SQL	1.      Python 2.      Java 3.      R 4.      JavaScript 5.      Swift 6.      C++ 7.      C# 8.      PHP 9.      SQL 10.  Go	1.      Java Script 2.      Swift 3.      Java 4.      C/C++ 5.      Python 6.      PHP 7.      Ruby 8.      C# 9.      RUST

References:

[01] spectrum.ieee.org/at-work/innovation/the-2018-top-programming-languages [This app/ranking mechanism was originally developed in collaboration with IEEE Spectrum by data journalist Nick Diakopoulous. ]

[02] www.geeksforgeeks.org/top-10-programming-languages-of-the-world-2019-to-begin-with

[03] www.guru99.com/best-programming-language.html

[04] www.fullstackacademy.com/blog/nine-best-programming-languages-to-learn-2018

More details about programming languages and its use will be added soon.

Difference between C and Python

Difference between C and Python

C and Python are general purpose computer programming language. Python is generally preferred for server side scripting. Some of the key difference between C and Python are given below:

Table: Difference between C and Python

C Language	Python Language
Designed by Dennis Richie	Product from Python Software Foundation
C programs are faster but coding is complex and long	Coding is easier and short in Python
C requires type declaration	Python does not require type declaration
C supports in line assignment	Python does not support in line assignment
Data type of a variable must be specified at the time of declaration of variable.	Specifying data type of a variable is not needed while declaring variable.

Basics of Python Programming

Basics of Python Programming

What is Python?

Python Installation

Writing First Python Program

Executing First Python Program

Python Data Types

Top 10 Python Practicals for Beginners

Top 10 Python Practicals for Beginners

1. Write a Python program to print your name.

Start your Python Shell.

You will get command prompt like (>>>). Write following simple command to print your first message using Python Programming.

>>> print("K Patel")

Output:

K Patel

Congratulations!!! Your first python program is done.

---

2. Write a Python program to print your name and address.

>>> print("K Patel.\nAhmedabad, Gujarat. Pin. 380009\nIndia.")

Output:

K Patel

Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Pin. 380009

India.

---

3. Write a Python program to read and print your name and address using the input() function.

Source code:

name = input("Enter name: ") 

print(name)

address = input("Enter address:")

print(address)

mobile = input("Enter mobile number:")

print(mobile)

Output:

Enter name: K Patel 

K Patel

Enter address: Ahmedabad, India 

Ahmedabad, India

Enter mobile number:9898989*** 

9898989***

---

4. Write a Python program to print 1 to 10.

Solution 1:

for i in range(1, 11):

   print (i)

Output:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Solution 2:

for i in range(1, 11):

   print (i, end=" ")

Output:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

---

5. Python program to display Good Morning message based in given time.

Source code:

time = int(input("Enter time:"))

if time < 12:

    print ("Good Morning...")

print("Have a nice time...")

Output:

Enter time:5
Good Morning...
Have a nice time...

---

6. Python program to check whether given number is positive or not.

Source code:

number = int(input("Enter a number:"))

if number > 0:

    print ("It's positive number")

else

    print ("It's not positive number")

Output:

Enter a number: 3
It's Positive number

---

7. Python program to demonstrate nested-if statement. This program will check whether entered number is positive or negative or zero.

Source code:

number = int(input("Enter a number: "))

if number >= 0:

    if number == 0:

        print("It's Zero")

    else:

        print("It's Positive number")

else:

    print("It's Negative number")

Output:

Enter a number: 5
It's Positive number

---

8. Python program to print sum of 1 to 100 (1+2+3+...+100) using while loop.

Source code:

sum = 0

num = 1

while (num <= 100):

    sum = sum + num

    num = num + 1

print("The sum is", sum)

Output:

The sum is 5050

---

9. Python program to print square pattern of star.

Source code:

lines = int(input("Enter number of lines:"))

for i in range(lines):    

   for i in range(lines):        

      print('*', end = '  ')    

   print()

Output:

Enter number of lines:3

*  *  *  
*  *  *
*  *  *

---

10. Python program to print Z to A alphabets.

Source code:

for i in range(90,64,-1):

    print(chr(i), end=' ')

Output:

Z Y X W V U T S R Q P O N M L K J I H G F E D C B A

* * * * *

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Python Functions

Function Definition: Function is a group of statements which performs a specific task. It is also known as a Sub-routine or a Procedure or a Method.

In most programming languages two types of functions available:

• Library Functions (also known as System defined function, for example print(), input(), etc.)
• User defined functions (written by programmers, for example calculate(), find_area(), etc.)

Let's learn how Python Functions works.

Defining a Python Function

Following simple rules are followed while defining Python Functions:

• Function blocks begin with the def keyword; followed by the function name and parentheses (  ).
• Any number of parameters or arguments can be placed within function parentheses.
• In the beginning of functions, writing a short comments about a function is one of the standard practice. 
• Function code begins with a colon(:) and has indentation.
• return statement at the end indicates end of function.

Syntax of Python Function

def function_name( arguments ):
   "function comments"
   function logic / code
   return

By default, arguments or parameters have a positional behavior and you need to write in the same order as they defined.

Python Function Example

The following python function prints line with a specified character as an parameter.

def print_line( chr ):
   "This function prints a line of given character"
   for i in range(0,15)
      print (chr)
   return

print_line('*')

print("")

print(" Welcome to Python Practicals ")

print_line('=')

Output of program

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 

 Welcome to Python Practicals 

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 

Examples of Popular Python Functions

1. Calculate Factorial

def factorial(n):

    """Calculate the factorial of a number."""

    if n == 0 or n == 1:

        return 1

    return n * factorial(n - 1)

# Example usage

print(factorial(5))  # Output: 120

2. Check if a Number is Prime

def is_prime(num):

    """Check if a number is prime."""

    if num <= 1:

        return False

    for i in range(2, int(num**0.5) + 1):

        if num % i == 0:

            return False

    return True

# Example usage

print(is_prime(7))  # Output: True

3. Find the Largest Element in a List

def find_largest(numbers):

    """Return the largest number in a list."""

    if not numbers:

        return None

    largest = numbers[0]

    for num in numbers:

        if num > largest:

            largest = num

    return largest

# Example usage

print(find_largest([3, 7, 2, 8, 5])) 

# Output: 8

4. Reverse a String

def reverse_string(s):

    """Reverse a given string."""

    return s[::-1]

# Example usage

print(reverse_string("hello"))  

# Output: 

"olleh"

5. Generate all permutations of a string using recursion

def string_permutations(s, prefix=""):

    """Generate all permutations of a string recursively."""

    if len(s) == 0:

        print(prefix)

    else:

        for i in range(len(s)):

            rem = s[:i] + s[i+1:]

            string_permutations(rem, prefix + s[i])

# Example usage

string_permutations("abc")   

# Output:

 abc

 acb

 bac

 bca

 cab

 cba

6. Fibonacci Sequence Generator

def fibonacci(n):

    """Generate a Fibonacci sequence up to n terms."""

    fib_sequence = [0, 1]

    for i in range(2, n):

        fib_sequence.append(fib_sequence[i - 1] + fib_sequence[i - 2])

    return fib_sequence[:n]

# Example usage

print(fibonacci(10)) 

 

# Output: [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34]

* * * * *

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Python Classes

Python Classes

Python File Handling

Python File Handling

Python Arrays

Python Arrays

What is Python?

Python is one of the widely used high-level programming language invented by Guido van Rossum. It can be used for solving varieties of problems. Python is known for its simplicity and code readability. Programmer can develop application very rapidly using Python.

Python code resembles the English language. To interpret the Python codes, computer needs a special program known as the Python interpreter. Python interpreter is needed to code, test and execute the  Python programs.

Read more about Python Interpreter Installation here.

Python nested if statement

Python nested-if statement

Nested if statements in any programming language means an if statement inside another if statement. Python also allows us to nest if statements within if statements. i.e, we can write an if statement inside another if statement.

Syntax of nested-if statement:

if (condition 1):

   # Code to be executed when condition 1 is true

   if (condition 2):

      # Code to be executed when condition 2 is true

   # end of inner if Block

# end of outer if Block

Example of Nested-if Statement: Python program to check Positive, Negative or Zero number.

# Checking for Positive, Negative, or Zero Number

number = int(input("Enter one number:"))

if number >= 0:

    if number == 0:

        print("The number is zero")

    else:

        print("The number is positive")

else:

    print("The number is negative")

Output of program

Enter a number:5

The number is positive

if-elif-else ladder

The if statements are executed from the top to the bottom sequentially. When one of the conditions controlling the if is true, the statement associated with that if is executed, and the rest of the ladder is bypassed. If none of the conditions is true, then the last else statement written will be executed.

Syntax of if-elif-else

if (condition 1):

    statements for condition 1

elif (condition 2):

    statements for condition 2

.

.

else:

    statements for else

Example of Python if-elif-else ladder

number = int(input("Enter number in range of 1 to 5:"))

if (number == 1):

 print ("It’s One")

elif (number == 2):

 print ("It’s Two")

elif (number == 3):

 print ("It’s Three")

elif (number == 4):

 print ("It’s Four")

elif (number == 5):

 print ("It’s Five")

else:

 print ("It’s not in range of 1 to 5")

Output of program

Enter number in range of 1 to 5:3

It’s Three

Suggested Articles for you:

• Python Nested-if Examples

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